libavformat/nutenc.c

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/*
 * nut muxer
 * Copyright (c) 2004-2007 Michael Niedermayer
 *
 * This file is part of FFmpeg.
 *
 * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 */

#include "libavutil/intreadwrite.h"
#include "libavutil/mathematics.h"
#include "libavutil/tree.h"
#include "libavutil/dict.h"
#include "libavutil/avassert.h"
#include "libavcodec/mpegaudiodata.h"
#include "nut.h"
#include "internal.h"
#include "avio_internal.h"

static int find_expected_header(AVCodecContext *c, int size, int key_frame, uint8_t out[64]){
    int sample_rate= c->sample_rate;

    if(size>4096)
        return 0;

    AV_WB24(out, 1);

    if(c->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4){
        if(key_frame){
            return 3;
        }else{
            out[3]= 0xB6;
            return 4;
        }
    }else if(c->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO || c->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO){
        return 3;
    }else if(c->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264){
        return 3;
    }else if(c->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MP3 || c->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MP2){
        int lsf, mpeg25, sample_rate_index, bitrate_index, frame_size;
        int layer= c->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MP3 ? 3 : 2;
        unsigned int header= 0xFFF00000;

        lsf     = sample_rate < (24000+32000)/2;
        mpeg25  = sample_rate < (12000+16000)/2;
        sample_rate <<= lsf + mpeg25;
        if     (sample_rate < (32000 + 44100)/2) sample_rate_index=2;
        else if(sample_rate < (44100 + 48000)/2) sample_rate_index=0;
        else                                     sample_rate_index=1;

        sample_rate= avpriv_mpa_freq_tab[sample_rate_index] >> (lsf + mpeg25);

        for(bitrate_index=2; bitrate_index<30; bitrate_index++){
            frame_size = avpriv_mpa_bitrate_tab[lsf][layer-1][bitrate_index>>1];
            frame_size = (frame_size * 144000) / (sample_rate << lsf) + (bitrate_index&1);

            if(frame_size == size)
                break;
        }

        header |= (!lsf)<<19;
        header |= (4-layer)<<17;
        header |= 1<<16; //no crc
        AV_WB32(out, header);
        if(size <= 0)
            return 2; //we guess there is no crc, if there is one the user clearly does not care about overhead
        if(bitrate_index == 30)
            return -1; //something is wrong ...

        header |= (bitrate_index>>1)<<12;
        header |= sample_rate_index<<10;
        header |= (bitrate_index&1)<<9;

        return 2; //FIXME actually put the needed ones in build_elision_headers()
        return 3; //we guess that the private bit is not set
//FIXME the above assumptions should be checked, if these turn out false too often something should be done
    }
    return 0;
}

static int find_header_idx(AVFormatContext *s, AVCodecContext *c, int size, int frame_type){
    NUTContext *nut = s->priv_data;
    uint8_t out[64];
    int i;
    int len= find_expected_header(c, size, frame_type, out);

//av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "expected_h len=%d size=%d codec_id=%d\n", len, size, c->codec_id);

    for(i=1; i<nut->header_count; i++){
        if(   len == nut->header_len[i]
           && !memcmp(out, nut->header[i], len)){
//    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "found %d\n", i);
            return i;
        }
    }
//    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "nothing found\n");
    return 0;
}

static void build_elision_headers(AVFormatContext *s){
    NUTContext *nut = s->priv_data;
    int i;
    //FIXME this is lame
    //FIXME write a 2pass mode to find the maximal headers
    static const uint8_t headers[][5]={
        {3, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01},
        {4, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xB6},
        {2, 0xFF, 0xFA}, //mp3+crc
        {2, 0xFF, 0xFB}, //mp3
        {2, 0xFF, 0xFC}, //mp2+crc
        {2, 0xFF, 0xFD}, //mp2
    };

    nut->header_count= 7;
    for(i=1; i<nut->header_count; i++){
        nut->header_len[i]=  headers[i-1][0];
        nut->header    [i]= &headers[i-1][1];
    }
}

static void build_frame_code(AVFormatContext *s){
    NUTContext *nut = s->priv_data;
    int key_frame, index, pred, stream_id;
    int start=1;
    int end= 254;
    int keyframe_0_esc= s->nb_streams > 2;
    int pred_table[10];
    FrameCode *ft;

    ft= &nut->frame_code[start];
    ft->flags= FLAG_CODED;
    ft->size_mul=1;
    ft->pts_delta=1;
    start++;

    if(keyframe_0_esc){
        /* keyframe = 0 escape */
        FrameCode *ft= &nut->frame_code[start];
        ft->flags= FLAG_STREAM_ID | FLAG_SIZE_MSB | FLAG_CODED_PTS;
        ft->size_mul=1;
        start++;
    }

    for(stream_id= 0; stream_id<s->nb_streams; stream_id++){
        int start2= start + (end-start)*stream_id / s->nb_streams;
        int end2  = start + (end-start)*(stream_id+1) / s->nb_streams;
        AVCodecContext *codec = s->streams[stream_id]->codec;
        int is_audio= codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO;
        int intra_only= /*codec->intra_only || */is_audio;
        int pred_count;

        for(key_frame=0; key_frame<2; key_frame++){
            if(intra_only && keyframe_0_esc && key_frame==0)
                continue;

            {
                FrameCode *ft= &nut->frame_code[start2];
                ft->flags= FLAG_KEY*key_frame;
                ft->flags|= FLAG_SIZE_MSB | FLAG_CODED_PTS;
                ft->stream_id= stream_id;
                ft->size_mul=1;
                if(is_audio)
                    ft->header_idx= find_header_idx(s, codec, -1, key_frame);
                start2++;
            }
        }

        key_frame= intra_only;
#if 1
        if(is_audio){
            int frame_bytes= codec->frame_size*(int64_t)codec->bit_rate / (8*codec->sample_rate);
            int pts;
            for(pts=0; pts<2; pts++){
                for(pred=0; pred<2; pred++){
                    FrameCode *ft= &nut->frame_code[start2];
                    ft->flags= FLAG_KEY*key_frame;
                    ft->stream_id= stream_id;
                    ft->size_mul=frame_bytes + 2;
                    ft->size_lsb=frame_bytes + pred;
                    ft->pts_delta=pts;
                    ft->header_idx= find_header_idx(s, codec, frame_bytes + pred, key_frame);
                    start2++;
                }
            }
        }else{
            FrameCode *ft= &nut->frame_code[start2];
            ft->flags= FLAG_KEY | FLAG_SIZE_MSB;
            ft->stream_id= stream_id;
            ft->size_mul=1;
            ft->pts_delta=1;
            start2++;
        }
#endif

        if(codec->has_b_frames){
            pred_count=5;
            pred_table[0]=-2;
            pred_table[1]=-1;
            pred_table[2]=1;
            pred_table[3]=3;
            pred_table[4]=4;
        }else if(codec->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_VORBIS){
            pred_count=3;
            pred_table[0]=2;
            pred_table[1]=9;
            pred_table[2]=16;
        }else{
            pred_count=1;
            pred_table[0]=1;
        }

        for(pred=0; pred<pred_count; pred++){
            int start3= start2 + (end2-start2)*pred / pred_count;
            int end3  = start2 + (end2-start2)*(pred+1) / pred_count;

            for(index=start3; index<end3; index++){
                FrameCode *ft= &nut->frame_code[index];
                ft->flags= FLAG_KEY*key_frame;
                ft->flags|= FLAG_SIZE_MSB;
                ft->stream_id= stream_id;
//FIXME use single byte size and pred from last
                ft->size_mul= end3-start3;
                ft->size_lsb= index - start3;
                ft->pts_delta= pred_table[pred];
                if(is_audio)
                    ft->header_idx= find_header_idx(s, codec, -1, key_frame);
            }
        }
    }
    memmove(&nut->frame_code['N'+1], &nut->frame_code['N'], sizeof(FrameCode)*(255-'N'));
    nut->frame_code[  0].flags=
    nut->frame_code[255].flags=
    nut->frame_code['N'].flags= FLAG_INVALID;
}

static void put_tt(NUTContext *nut, AVRational *time_base, AVIOContext *bc, uint64_t val){
    val *= nut->time_base_count;
    val += time_base - nut->time_base;
    ff_put_v(bc, val);
}

static void put_str(AVIOContext *bc, const char *string){
    int len= strlen(string);

    ff_put_v(bc, len);
    avio_write(bc, string, len);
}

static void put_s(AVIOContext *bc, int64_t val){
    ff_put_v(bc, 2*FFABS(val) - (val>0));
}

#ifdef TRACE
static inline void ff_put_v_trace(AVIOContext *bc, uint64_t v, char *file, char *func, int line){
    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "ff_put_v %5"PRId64" / %"PRIX64" in %s %s:%d\n", v, v, file, func, line);

    ff_put_v(bc, v);
}

static inline void put_s_trace(AVIOContext *bc, int64_t v, char *file, char *func, int line){
    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "put_s %5"PRId64" / %"PRIX64" in %s %s:%d\n", v, v, file, func, line);

    put_s(bc, v);
}
#define ff_put_v(bc, v)  ff_put_v_trace(bc, v, __FILE__, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, __LINE__)
#define put_s(bc, v)  put_s_trace(bc, v, __FILE__, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, __LINE__)
#endif

//FIXME remove calculate_checksum
static void put_packet(NUTContext *nut, AVIOContext *bc, AVIOContext *dyn_bc, int calculate_checksum, uint64_t startcode){
    uint8_t *dyn_buf=NULL;
    int dyn_size= avio_close_dyn_buf(dyn_bc, &dyn_buf);
    int forw_ptr= dyn_size + 4*calculate_checksum;

    if(forw_ptr > 4096)
        ffio_init_checksum(bc, ff_crc04C11DB7_update, 0);
    avio_wb64(bc, startcode);
    ff_put_v(bc, forw_ptr);
    if(forw_ptr > 4096)
        avio_wl32(bc, ffio_get_checksum(bc));

    if(calculate_checksum)
        ffio_init_checksum(bc, ff_crc04C11DB7_update, 0);
    avio_write(bc, dyn_buf, dyn_size);
    if(calculate_checksum)
        avio_wl32(bc, ffio_get_checksum(bc));

    av_free(dyn_buf);
}

static void write_mainheader(NUTContext *nut, AVIOContext *bc){
    int i, j, tmp_pts, tmp_flags, tmp_stream, tmp_mul, tmp_size, tmp_fields, tmp_head_idx;
    int64_t tmp_match;

    ff_put_v(bc, 3); /* version */
    ff_put_v(bc, nut->avf->nb_streams);
    ff_put_v(bc, nut->max_distance);
    ff_put_v(bc, nut->time_base_count);

    for(i=0; i<nut->time_base_count; i++){
        ff_put_v(bc, nut->time_base[i].num);
        ff_put_v(bc, nut->time_base[i].den);
    }

    tmp_pts=0;
    tmp_mul=1;
    tmp_stream=0;
    tmp_match= 1-(1LL<<62);
    tmp_head_idx= 0;
    for(i=0; i<256;){
        tmp_fields=0;
        tmp_size=0;
//        tmp_res=0;
        if(tmp_pts    != nut->frame_code[i].pts_delta) tmp_fields=1;
        if(tmp_mul    != nut->frame_code[i].size_mul ) tmp_fields=2;
        if(tmp_stream != nut->frame_code[i].stream_id) tmp_fields=3;
        if(tmp_size   != nut->frame_code[i].size_lsb ) tmp_fields=4;
//        if(tmp_res    != nut->frame_code[i].res            ) tmp_fields=5;
        if(tmp_head_idx!=nut->frame_code[i].header_idx)tmp_fields=8;

        tmp_pts   = nut->frame_code[i].pts_delta;
        tmp_flags = nut->frame_code[i].flags;
        tmp_stream= nut->frame_code[i].stream_id;
        tmp_mul   = nut->frame_code[i].size_mul;
        tmp_size  = nut->frame_code[i].size_lsb;
//        tmp_res   = nut->frame_code[i].res;
        tmp_head_idx= nut->frame_code[i].header_idx;

        for(j=0; i<256; j++,i++){
            if(i == 'N'){
                j--;
                continue;
            }
            if(nut->frame_code[i].pts_delta != tmp_pts   ) break;
            if(nut->frame_code[i].flags     != tmp_flags ) break;
            if(nut->frame_code[i].stream_id != tmp_stream) break;
            if(nut->frame_code[i].size_mul  != tmp_mul   ) break;
            if(nut->frame_code[i].size_lsb  != tmp_size+j) break;
//            if(nut->frame_code[i].res       != tmp_res   ) break;
            if(nut->frame_code[i].header_idx!= tmp_head_idx) break;
        }
        if(j != tmp_mul - tmp_size) tmp_fields=6;

        ff_put_v(bc, tmp_flags);
        ff_put_v(bc, tmp_fields);
        if(tmp_fields>0) put_s(bc, tmp_pts);
        if(tmp_fields>1) ff_put_v(bc, tmp_mul);
        if(tmp_fields>2) ff_put_v(bc, tmp_stream);
        if(tmp_fields>3) ff_put_v(bc, tmp_size);
        if(tmp_fields>4) ff_put_v(bc, 0 /*tmp_res*/);
        if(tmp_fields>5) ff_put_v(bc, j);
        if(tmp_fields>6) ff_put_v(bc, tmp_match);
        if(tmp_fields>7) ff_put_v(bc, tmp_head_idx);
    }
    ff_put_v(bc, nut->header_count-1);
    for(i=1; i<nut->header_count; i++){
        ff_put_v(bc, nut->header_len[i]);
        avio_write(bc, nut->header[i], nut->header_len[i]);
    }
}

static int write_streamheader(AVFormatContext *avctx, AVIOContext *bc, AVStream *st, int i){
    NUTContext *nut = avctx->priv_data;
    AVCodecContext *codec = st->codec;
    ff_put_v(bc, i);
    switch(codec->codec_type){
    case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO: ff_put_v(bc, 0); break;
    case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO: ff_put_v(bc, 1); break;
    case AVMEDIA_TYPE_SUBTITLE: ff_put_v(bc, 2); break;
    default              : ff_put_v(bc, 3); break;
    }
    ff_put_v(bc, 4);
    if (codec->codec_tag){
        avio_wl32(bc, codec->codec_tag);
    } else {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "No codec tag defined for stream %d\n", i);
        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
    }

    ff_put_v(bc, nut->stream[i].time_base - nut->time_base);
    ff_put_v(bc, nut->stream[i].msb_pts_shift);
    ff_put_v(bc, nut->stream[i].max_pts_distance);
    ff_put_v(bc, codec->has_b_frames);
    avio_w8(bc, 0); /* flags: 0x1 - fixed_fps, 0x2 - index_present */

    ff_put_v(bc, codec->extradata_size);
    avio_write(bc, codec->extradata, codec->extradata_size);

    switch(codec->codec_type){
    case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:
        ff_put_v(bc, codec->sample_rate);
        ff_put_v(bc, 1);
        ff_put_v(bc, codec->channels);
        break;
    case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:
        ff_put_v(bc, codec->width);
        ff_put_v(bc, codec->height);

        if(st->sample_aspect_ratio.num<=0 || st->sample_aspect_ratio.den<=0){
            ff_put_v(bc, 0);
            ff_put_v(bc, 0);
        }else{
            ff_put_v(bc, st->sample_aspect_ratio.num);
            ff_put_v(bc, st->sample_aspect_ratio.den);
        }
        ff_put_v(bc, 0); /* csp type -- unknown */
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
    return 0;
}

static int add_info(AVIOContext *bc, const char *type, const char *value){
    put_str(bc, type);
    put_s(bc, -1);
    put_str(bc, value);
    return 1;
}

static int write_globalinfo(NUTContext *nut, AVIOContext *bc){
    AVFormatContext *s= nut->avf;
    AVDictionaryEntry *t = NULL;
    AVIOContext *dyn_bc;
    uint8_t *dyn_buf=NULL;
    int count=0, dyn_size;
    int ret = avio_open_dyn_buf(&dyn_bc);
    if(ret < 0)
        return ret;

    while ((t = av_dict_get(s->metadata, "", t, AV_DICT_IGNORE_SUFFIX)))
        count += add_info(dyn_bc, t->key, t->value);

    ff_put_v(bc, 0); //stream_if_plus1
    ff_put_v(bc, 0); //chapter_id
    ff_put_v(bc, 0); //timestamp_start
    ff_put_v(bc, 0); //length

    ff_put_v(bc, count);

    dyn_size= avio_close_dyn_buf(dyn_bc, &dyn_buf);
    avio_write(bc, dyn_buf, dyn_size);
    av_free(dyn_buf);
    return 0;
}

static int write_streaminfo(NUTContext *nut, AVIOContext *bc, int stream_id){
    AVFormatContext *s= nut->avf;
    AVStream* st = s->streams[stream_id];
    AVDictionaryEntry *t = NULL;
    AVIOContext *dyn_bc;
    uint8_t *dyn_buf=NULL;
    int count=0, dyn_size, i;
    int ret = avio_open_dyn_buf(&dyn_bc);
    if(ret < 0)
        return ret;

    while ((t = av_dict_get(st->metadata, "", t, AV_DICT_IGNORE_SUFFIX)))
        count += add_info(dyn_bc, t->key, t->value);
    for (i=0; ff_nut_dispositions[i].flag; ++i) {
        if (st->disposition & ff_nut_dispositions[i].flag)
            count += add_info(dyn_bc, "Disposition", ff_nut_dispositions[i].str);
    }
    dyn_size = avio_close_dyn_buf(dyn_bc, &dyn_buf);

    if (count) {
        ff_put_v(bc, stream_id + 1); //stream_id_plus1
        ff_put_v(bc, 0); //chapter_id
        ff_put_v(bc, 0); //timestamp_start
        ff_put_v(bc, 0); //length

        ff_put_v(bc, count);

        avio_write(bc, dyn_buf, dyn_size);
    }

    av_free(dyn_buf);
    return count;
}

static int write_chapter(NUTContext *nut, AVIOContext *bc, int id)
{
    AVIOContext *dyn_bc;
    uint8_t *dyn_buf = NULL;
    AVDictionaryEntry *t = NULL;
    AVChapter *ch    = nut->avf->chapters[id];
    int ret, dyn_size, count = 0;

    ret = avio_open_dyn_buf(&dyn_bc);
    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;

    ff_put_v(bc, 0);                                        // stream_id_plus1
    put_s(bc, id + 1);                                      // chapter_id
    put_tt(nut, nut->chapter[id].time_base, bc, ch->start); // chapter_start
    ff_put_v(bc, ch->end - ch->start);                      // chapter_len

    while ((t = av_dict_get(ch->metadata, "", t, AV_DICT_IGNORE_SUFFIX)))
        count += add_info(dyn_bc, t->key, t->value);

    ff_put_v(bc, count);

    dyn_size = avio_close_dyn_buf(dyn_bc, &dyn_buf);
    avio_write(bc, dyn_buf, dyn_size);
    av_freep(&dyn_buf);
    return 0;
}

static int write_index(NUTContext *nut, AVIOContext *bc){
    int i;
    Syncpoint dummy= { .pos= 0 };
    Syncpoint *next_node[2] = { NULL };
    int64_t startpos = avio_tell(bc);
    int64_t payload_size;

    put_tt(nut, nut->max_pts_tb, bc, nut->max_pts);

    ff_put_v(bc, nut->sp_count);

    for(i=0; i<nut->sp_count; i++){
        av_tree_find(nut->syncpoints, &dummy, (void *) ff_nut_sp_pos_cmp, (void**)next_node);
        ff_put_v(bc, (next_node[1]->pos >> 4) - (dummy.pos>>4));
        dummy.pos = next_node[1]->pos;
    }

    for(i=0; i<nut->avf->nb_streams; i++){
        StreamContext *nus= &nut->stream[i];
        int64_t last_pts= -1;
        int j, k;
        for(j=0; j<nut->sp_count; j++){
            int flag = (nus->keyframe_pts[j] != AV_NOPTS_VALUE) ^ (j+1 == nut->sp_count);
            int n = 0;
            for(; j<nut->sp_count && (nus->keyframe_pts[j] != AV_NOPTS_VALUE) == flag; j++)
                n++;

            ff_put_v(bc, 1 + 2*flag + 4*n);
            for(k= j - n; k<=j && k<nut->sp_count; k++) {
                if(nus->keyframe_pts[k] == AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
                    continue;
                av_assert0(nus->keyframe_pts[k] > last_pts);
                ff_put_v(bc, nus->keyframe_pts[k] - last_pts);
                last_pts = nus->keyframe_pts[k];
            }
        }
    }

    payload_size = avio_tell(bc) - startpos + 8 + 4;

    avio_wb64(bc, 8 + payload_size + av_log2(payload_size) / 7 + 1 + 4*(payload_size > 4096));

    return 0;
}

static int write_headers(AVFormatContext *avctx, AVIOContext *bc){
    NUTContext *nut = avctx->priv_data;
    AVIOContext *dyn_bc;
    int i, ret;

    ff_metadata_conv_ctx(avctx, ff_nut_metadata_conv, NULL);

    ret = avio_open_dyn_buf(&dyn_bc);
    if(ret < 0)
        return ret;
    write_mainheader(nut, dyn_bc);
    put_packet(nut, bc, dyn_bc, 1, MAIN_STARTCODE);

    for (i=0; i < nut->avf->nb_streams; i++){
        ret = avio_open_dyn_buf(&dyn_bc);
        if(ret < 0)
            return ret;
        if ((ret = write_streamheader(avctx, dyn_bc, nut->avf->streams[i], i)) < 0)
            return ret;
        put_packet(nut, bc, dyn_bc, 1, STREAM_STARTCODE);
    }

    ret = avio_open_dyn_buf(&dyn_bc);
    if(ret < 0)
        return ret;
    write_globalinfo(nut, dyn_bc);
    put_packet(nut, bc, dyn_bc, 1, INFO_STARTCODE);

    for (i = 0; i < nut->avf->nb_streams; i++) {
        ret = avio_open_dyn_buf(&dyn_bc);
        if(ret < 0)
            return ret;
        ret = write_streaminfo(nut, dyn_bc, i);
        if (ret < 0)
            return ret;
        if (ret > 0)
            put_packet(nut, bc, dyn_bc, 1, INFO_STARTCODE);
        else {
            uint8_t* buf;
            avio_close_dyn_buf(dyn_bc, &buf);
            av_free(buf);
        }
    }

    for (i = 0; i < nut->avf->nb_chapters; i++) {
        ret = avio_open_dyn_buf(&dyn_bc);
        if (ret < 0)
            return ret;
        ret = write_chapter(nut, dyn_bc, i);
        if (ret < 0) {
            uint8_t *buf;
            avio_close_dyn_buf(dyn_bc, &buf);
            av_freep(&buf);
            return ret;
        }
        put_packet(nut, bc, dyn_bc, 1, INFO_STARTCODE);
    }

    nut->last_syncpoint_pos= INT_MIN;
    nut->header_count++;
    return 0;
}

static int nut_write_header(AVFormatContext *s){
    NUTContext *nut = s->priv_data;
    AVIOContext *bc = s->pb;
    int i, j, ret;

    nut->avf= s;

    nut->stream   = av_mallocz(sizeof(StreamContext)*s->nb_streams);
    nut->chapter  = av_mallocz(sizeof(ChapterContext)*s->nb_chapters);
    nut->time_base= av_mallocz(sizeof(AVRational   )*(s->nb_streams +
                                                      s->nb_chapters));
    if (!nut->stream || !nut->chapter || !nut->time_base) {
        av_freep(&nut->stream);
        av_freep(&nut->chapter);
        av_freep(&nut->time_base);
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    }

    for(i=0; i<s->nb_streams; i++){
        AVStream *st= s->streams[i];
        int ssize;
        AVRational time_base;
        ff_parse_specific_params(st->codec, &time_base.den, &ssize, &time_base.num);

        avpriv_set_pts_info(st, 64, time_base.num, time_base.den);

        for(j=0; j<nut->time_base_count; j++){
            if(!memcmp(&time_base, &nut->time_base[j], sizeof(AVRational))){
                break;
            }
        }
        nut->time_base[j]= time_base;
        nut->stream[i].time_base= &nut->time_base[j];
        if(j==nut->time_base_count)
            nut->time_base_count++;

        if(INT64_C(1000) * time_base.num >= time_base.den)
            nut->stream[i].msb_pts_shift = 7;
        else
            nut->stream[i].msb_pts_shift = 14;
        nut->stream[i].max_pts_distance= FFMAX(time_base.den, time_base.num) / time_base.num;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < s->nb_chapters; i++) {
        AVChapter *ch = s->chapters[i];

        for (j = 0; j < nut->time_base_count; j++) {
            if (!memcmp(&ch->time_base, &nut->time_base[j], sizeof(AVRational)))
                break;
        }

        nut->time_base[j] = ch->time_base;
        nut->chapter[i].time_base = &nut->time_base[j];
        if(j == nut->time_base_count)
            nut->time_base_count++;
    }

    nut->max_distance = MAX_DISTANCE;
    build_elision_headers(s);
    build_frame_code(s);
    av_assert0(nut->frame_code['N'].flags == FLAG_INVALID);

    avio_write(bc, ID_STRING, strlen(ID_STRING));
    avio_w8(bc, 0);

    if ((ret = write_headers(s, bc)) < 0)
        return ret;

    if (s->avoid_negative_ts < 0)
        s->avoid_negative_ts = 1;

    avio_flush(bc);

    return 0;
}

static int get_needed_flags(NUTContext *nut, StreamContext *nus, FrameCode *fc, AVPacket *pkt){
    int flags= 0;

    if(pkt->flags & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY             ) flags |= FLAG_KEY;
    if(pkt->stream_index != fc->stream_id       ) flags |= FLAG_STREAM_ID;
    if(pkt->size / fc->size_mul                 ) flags |= FLAG_SIZE_MSB;
    if(pkt->pts - nus->last_pts != fc->pts_delta) flags |= FLAG_CODED_PTS;
    if(pkt->size > 2*nut->max_distance          ) flags |= FLAG_CHECKSUM;
    if(FFABS(pkt->pts - nus->last_pts)
                         > nus->max_pts_distance) flags |= FLAG_CHECKSUM;
    if(   pkt->size < nut->header_len[fc->header_idx]
       || (pkt->size > 4096 && fc->header_idx)
       || memcmp(pkt->data, nut->header[fc->header_idx], nut->header_len[fc->header_idx]))
                                                  flags |= FLAG_HEADER_IDX;

    return flags | (fc->flags & FLAG_CODED);
}

static int find_best_header_idx(NUTContext *nut, AVPacket *pkt){
    int i;
    int best_i  = 0;
    int best_len= 0;

    if(pkt->size > 4096)
        return 0;

    for(i=1; i<nut->header_count; i++){
        if(   pkt->size >= nut->header_len[i]
           &&  nut->header_len[i] > best_len
           && !memcmp(pkt->data, nut->header[i], nut->header_len[i])){
            best_i= i;
            best_len= nut->header_len[i];
        }
    }
    return best_i;
}

static int nut_write_packet(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt){
    NUTContext *nut = s->priv_data;
    StreamContext *nus= &nut->stream[pkt->stream_index];
    AVIOContext *bc = s->pb, *dyn_bc;
    FrameCode *fc;
    int64_t coded_pts;
    int best_length, frame_code, flags, needed_flags, i, header_idx, best_header_idx;
    int key_frame = !!(pkt->flags & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY);
    int store_sp=0;
    int ret;

    if (pkt->pts < 0) {
        av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid negative packet pts %"PRId64" in input\n", pkt->pts);
        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
    }

    if(1LL<<(20+3*nut->header_count) <= avio_tell(bc))
        write_headers(s, bc);

    if(key_frame && !(nus->last_flags & FLAG_KEY))
        store_sp= 1;

    if(pkt->size + 30/*FIXME check*/ + avio_tell(bc) >= nut->last_syncpoint_pos + nut->max_distance)
        store_sp= 1;

//FIXME: Ensure store_sp is 1 in the first place.

    if(store_sp){
        Syncpoint *sp, dummy= {.pos= INT64_MAX};

        ff_nut_reset_ts(nut, *nus->time_base, pkt->dts);
        for(i=0; i<s->nb_streams; i++){
            AVStream *st= s->streams[i];
            int64_t dts_tb = av_rescale_rnd(pkt->dts,
                nus->time_base->num * (int64_t)nut->stream[i].time_base->den,
                nus->time_base->den * (int64_t)nut->stream[i].time_base->num,
                AV_ROUND_DOWN);
            int index= av_index_search_timestamp(st, dts_tb, AVSEEK_FLAG_BACKWARD);
            if(index>=0) dummy.pos= FFMIN(dummy.pos, st->index_entries[index].pos);
        }
        if(dummy.pos == INT64_MAX)
            dummy.pos= 0;
        sp= av_tree_find(nut->syncpoints, &dummy, (void *) ff_nut_sp_pos_cmp,
                         NULL);

        nut->last_syncpoint_pos= avio_tell(bc);
        ret = avio_open_dyn_buf(&dyn_bc);
        if(ret < 0)
            return ret;
        put_tt(nut, nus->time_base, dyn_bc, pkt->dts);
        ff_put_v(dyn_bc, sp ? (nut->last_syncpoint_pos - sp->pos)>>4 : 0);
        put_packet(nut, bc, dyn_bc, 1, SYNCPOINT_STARTCODE);

        ff_nut_add_sp(nut, nut->last_syncpoint_pos, 0/*unused*/, pkt->dts);

        if((1ll<<60) % nut->sp_count == 0)
            for(i=0; i<s->nb_streams; i++){
                int j;
                StreamContext *nus = &nut->stream[i];
                nus->keyframe_pts = av_realloc(nus->keyframe_pts, 2*nut->sp_count*sizeof(*nus->keyframe_pts));
                if(!nus->keyframe_pts)
                    return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
                for(j=nut->sp_count == 1 ? 0 : nut->sp_count; j<2*nut->sp_count; j++)
                    nus->keyframe_pts[j] = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
        }
    }
    av_assert0(nus->last_pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE);

    coded_pts = pkt->pts & ((1<<nus->msb_pts_shift)-1);
    if(ff_lsb2full(nus, coded_pts) != pkt->pts)
        coded_pts= pkt->pts + (1<<nus->msb_pts_shift);

    best_header_idx= find_best_header_idx(nut, pkt);

    best_length=INT_MAX;
    frame_code= -1;
    for(i=0; i<256; i++){
        int length= 0;
        FrameCode *fc= &nut->frame_code[i];
        int flags= fc->flags;

        if(flags & FLAG_INVALID)
            continue;
        needed_flags= get_needed_flags(nut, nus, fc, pkt);

        if(flags & FLAG_CODED){
            length++;
            flags = needed_flags;
        }

        if((flags & needed_flags) != needed_flags)
            continue;

        if((flags ^ needed_flags) & FLAG_KEY)
            continue;

        if(flags & FLAG_STREAM_ID)
            length+= ff_get_v_length(pkt->stream_index);

        if(pkt->size % fc->size_mul != fc->size_lsb)
            continue;
        if(flags & FLAG_SIZE_MSB)
            length += ff_get_v_length(pkt->size / fc->size_mul);

        if(flags & FLAG_CHECKSUM)
            length+=4;

        if(flags & FLAG_CODED_PTS)
            length += ff_get_v_length(coded_pts);

        if(   (flags & FLAG_CODED)
           && nut->header_len[best_header_idx] > nut->header_len[fc->header_idx]+1){
            flags |= FLAG_HEADER_IDX;
        }

        if(flags & FLAG_HEADER_IDX){
            length += 1 - nut->header_len[best_header_idx];
        }else{
            length -= nut->header_len[fc->header_idx];
        }

        length*=4;
        length+= !(flags & FLAG_CODED_PTS);
        length+= !(flags & FLAG_CHECKSUM);

        if(length < best_length){
            best_length= length;
            frame_code=i;
        }
    }
    av_assert0(frame_code != -1);
    fc= &nut->frame_code[frame_code];
    flags= fc->flags;
    needed_flags= get_needed_flags(nut, nus, fc, pkt);
    header_idx= fc->header_idx;

    ffio_init_checksum(bc, ff_crc04C11DB7_update, 0);
    avio_w8(bc, frame_code);
    if(flags & FLAG_CODED){
        ff_put_v(bc, (flags^needed_flags) & ~(FLAG_CODED));
        flags = needed_flags;
    }
    if(flags & FLAG_STREAM_ID)  ff_put_v(bc, pkt->stream_index);
    if(flags & FLAG_CODED_PTS)  ff_put_v(bc, coded_pts);
    if(flags & FLAG_SIZE_MSB)   ff_put_v(bc, pkt->size / fc->size_mul);
    if(flags & FLAG_HEADER_IDX) ff_put_v(bc, header_idx= best_header_idx);

    if(flags & FLAG_CHECKSUM)   avio_wl32(bc, ffio_get_checksum(bc));
    else                        ffio_get_checksum(bc);

    avio_write(bc, pkt->data + nut->header_len[header_idx], pkt->size - nut->header_len[header_idx]);
    nus->last_flags= flags;
    nus->last_pts= pkt->pts;

    //FIXME just store one per syncpoint
    if(flags & FLAG_KEY) {
        av_add_index_entry(
            s->streams[pkt->stream_index],
            nut->last_syncpoint_pos,
            pkt->pts,
            0,
            0,
            AVINDEX_KEYFRAME);
        if(nus->keyframe_pts && nus->keyframe_pts[nut->sp_count] == AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
            nus->keyframe_pts[nut->sp_count] = pkt->pts;
    }

    if(!nut->max_pts_tb || av_compare_ts(nut->max_pts, *nut->max_pts_tb, pkt->pts, *nus->time_base) < 0) {
        nut->max_pts = pkt->pts;
        nut->max_pts_tb = nus->time_base;
    }

    return 0;
}

static int nut_write_trailer(AVFormatContext *s){
    NUTContext *nut= s->priv_data;
    AVIOContext *bc = s->pb, *dyn_bc;
    int i, ret;

    while(nut->header_count<3)
        write_headers(s, bc);

    ret = avio_open_dyn_buf(&dyn_bc);
    if(ret >= 0) {
        write_index(nut, dyn_bc);
        put_packet(nut, bc, dyn_bc, 1, INDEX_STARTCODE);
    }

    ff_nut_free_sp(nut);
    for(i=0; i<s->nb_streams; i++)
        av_freep(&nut->stream[i].keyframe_pts);

    av_freep(&nut->stream);
    av_freep(&nut->chapter);
    av_freep(&nut->time_base);

    return 0;
}

AVOutputFormat ff_nut_muxer = {
    .name           = "nut",
    .long_name      = NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL("NUT"),
    .mime_type      = "video/x-nut",
    .extensions     = "nut",
    .priv_data_size = sizeof(NUTContext),
    .audio_codec    = CONFIG_LIBVORBIS ? AV_CODEC_ID_VORBIS :
                      CONFIG_LIBMP3LAME ? AV_CODEC_ID_MP3 : AV_CODEC_ID_MP2,
    .video_codec    = AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4,
    .write_header   = nut_write_header,
    .write_packet   = nut_write_packet,
    .write_trailer  = nut_write_trailer,
    .flags          = AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER | AVFMT_VARIABLE_FPS,
    .codec_tag      = (const AVCodecTag * const []){
        ff_codec_bmp_tags, ff_nut_video_tags, ff_codec_wav_tags,
        ff_nut_subtitle_tags, 0
    },
};

---