FFmpeg
encode_video.c
Go to the documentation of this file.
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 2001 Fabrice Bellard
3  *
4  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
5  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
6  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
7  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
8  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
9  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
10  *
11  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
12  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
13  *
14  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
15  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
16  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
17  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
18  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
19  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
20  * THE SOFTWARE.
21  */
22 
23 /**
24  * @file
25  * video encoding with libavcodec API example
26  *
27  * @example encode_video.c
28  */
29 
30 #include <stdio.h>
31 #include <stdlib.h>
32 #include <string.h>
33 
34 #include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
35 
36 #include <libavutil/opt.h>
37 #include <libavutil/imgutils.h>
38 
39 static void encode(AVCodecContext *enc_ctx, AVFrame *frame, AVPacket *pkt,
40  FILE *outfile)
41 {
42  int ret;
43 
44  /* send the frame to the encoder */
45  if (frame)
46  printf("Send frame %3"PRId64"\n", frame->pts);
47 
48  ret = avcodec_send_frame(enc_ctx, frame);
49  if (ret < 0) {
50  fprintf(stderr, "Error sending a frame for encoding\n");
51  exit(1);
52  }
53 
54  while (ret >= 0) {
55  ret = avcodec_receive_packet(enc_ctx, pkt);
56  if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF)
57  return;
58  else if (ret < 0) {
59  fprintf(stderr, "Error during encoding\n");
60  exit(1);
61  }
62 
63  printf("Write packet %3"PRId64" (size=%5d)\n", pkt->pts, pkt->size);
64  fwrite(pkt->data, 1, pkt->size, outfile);
66  }
67 }
68 
69 int main(int argc, char **argv)
70 {
71  const char *filename, *codec_name;
72  const AVCodec *codec;
74  int i, ret, x, y;
75  FILE *f;
76  AVFrame *frame;
77  AVPacket *pkt;
78  uint8_t endcode[] = { 0, 0, 1, 0xb7 };
79 
80  if (argc <= 2) {
81  fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <output file> <codec name>\n", argv[0]);
82  exit(0);
83  }
84  filename = argv[1];
85  codec_name = argv[2];
86 
87  /* find the mpeg1video encoder */
88  codec = avcodec_find_encoder_by_name(codec_name);
89  if (!codec) {
90  fprintf(stderr, "Codec '%s' not found\n", codec_name);
91  exit(1);
92  }
93 
94  c = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
95  if (!c) {
96  fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video codec context\n");
97  exit(1);
98  }
99 
100  pkt = av_packet_alloc();
101  if (!pkt)
102  exit(1);
103 
104  /* put sample parameters */
105  c->bit_rate = 400000;
106  /* resolution must be a multiple of two */
107  c->width = 352;
108  c->height = 288;
109  /* frames per second */
110  c->time_base = (AVRational){1, 25};
111  c->framerate = (AVRational){25, 1};
112 
113  /* emit one intra frame every ten frames
114  * check frame pict_type before passing frame
115  * to encoder, if frame->pict_type is AV_PICTURE_TYPE_I
116  * then gop_size is ignored and the output of encoder
117  * will always be I frame irrespective to gop_size
118  */
119  c->gop_size = 10;
120  c->max_b_frames = 1;
121  c->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
122 
123  if (codec->id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264)
124  av_opt_set(c->priv_data, "preset", "slow", 0);
125 
126  /* open it */
127  ret = avcodec_open2(c, codec, NULL);
128  if (ret < 0) {
129  fprintf(stderr, "Could not open codec: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
130  exit(1);
131  }
132 
133  f = fopen(filename, "wb");
134  if (!f) {
135  fprintf(stderr, "Could not open %s\n", filename);
136  exit(1);
137  }
138 
139  frame = av_frame_alloc();
140  if (!frame) {
141  fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video frame\n");
142  exit(1);
143  }
144  frame->format = c->pix_fmt;
145  frame->width = c->width;
146  frame->height = c->height;
147 
149  if (ret < 0) {
150  fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate the video frame data\n");
151  exit(1);
152  }
153 
154  /* encode 1 second of video */
155  for (i = 0; i < 25; i++) {
156  fflush(stdout);
157 
158  /* Make sure the frame data is writable.
159  On the first round, the frame is fresh from av_frame_get_buffer()
160  and therefore we know it is writable.
161  But on the next rounds, encode() will have called
162  avcodec_send_frame(), and the codec may have kept a reference to
163  the frame in its internal structures, that makes the frame
164  unwritable.
165  av_frame_make_writable() checks that and allocates a new buffer
166  for the frame only if necessary.
167  */
169  if (ret < 0)
170  exit(1);
171 
172  /* Prepare a dummy image.
173  In real code, this is where you would have your own logic for
174  filling the frame. FFmpeg does not care what you put in the
175  frame.
176  */
177  /* Y */
178  for (y = 0; y < c->height; y++) {
179  for (x = 0; x < c->width; x++) {
180  frame->data[0][y * frame->linesize[0] + x] = x + y + i * 3;
181  }
182  }
183 
184  /* Cb and Cr */
185  for (y = 0; y < c->height/2; y++) {
186  for (x = 0; x < c->width/2; x++) {
187  frame->data[1][y * frame->linesize[1] + x] = 128 + y + i * 2;
188  frame->data[2][y * frame->linesize[2] + x] = 64 + x + i * 5;
189  }
190  }
191 
192  frame->pts = i;
193 
194  /* encode the image */
195  encode(c, frame, pkt, f);
196  }
197 
198  /* flush the encoder */
199  encode(c, NULL, pkt, f);
200 
201  /* Add sequence end code to have a real MPEG file.
202  It makes only sense because this tiny examples writes packets
203  directly. This is called "elementary stream" and only works for some
204  codecs. To create a valid file, you usually need to write packets
205  into a proper file format or protocol; see muxing.c.
206  */
207  if (codec->id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO || codec->id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO)
208  fwrite(endcode, 1, sizeof(endcode), f);
209  fclose(f);
210 
214 
215  return 0;
216 }
av_packet_unref
void av_packet_unref(AVPacket *pkt)
Wipe the packet.
Definition: avpacket.c:424
AVCodec
AVCodec.
Definition: codec.h:202
avcodec_receive_packet
int avcodec_receive_packet(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *avpkt)
Read encoded data from the encoder.
Definition: encode.c:388
AVERROR
Filter the word “frame” indicates either a video frame or a group of audio as stored in an AVFrame structure Format for each input and each output the list of supported formats For video that means pixel format For audio that means channel sample they are references to shared objects When the negotiation mechanism computes the intersection of the formats supported at each end of a all references to both lists are replaced with a reference to the intersection And when a single format is eventually chosen for a link amongst the remaining all references to the list are updated That means that if a filter requires that its input and output have the same format amongst a supported all it has to do is use a reference to the same list of formats query_formats can leave some formats unset and return AVERROR(EAGAIN) to cause the negotiation mechanism toagain later. That can be used by filters with complex requirements to use the format negotiated on one link to set the formats supported on another. Frame references ownership and permissions
opt.h
av_frame_get_buffer
int av_frame_get_buffer(AVFrame *frame, int align)
Allocate new buffer(s) for audio or video data.
Definition: frame.c:243
AVERROR_EOF
#define AVERROR_EOF
End of file.
Definition: error.h:57
av_frame_free
void av_frame_free(AVFrame **frame)
Free the frame and any dynamically allocated objects in it, e.g.
Definition: frame.c:109
AVFrame
This structure describes decoded (raw) audio or video data.
Definition: frame.h:317
av_frame_make_writable
int av_frame_make_writable(AVFrame *frame)
Ensure that the frame data is writable, avoiding data copy if possible.
Definition: frame.c:490
AVPacket::data
uint8_t * data
Definition: packet.h:373
outfile
FILE * outfile
Definition: audiogen.c:96
av_packet_free
void av_packet_free(AVPacket **pkt)
Free the packet, if the packet is reference counted, it will be unreferenced first.
Definition: avpacket.c:75
av_opt_set
int av_opt_set(void *obj, const char *name, const char *val, int search_flags)
Definition: opt.c:468
av_frame_alloc
AVFrame * av_frame_alloc(void)
Allocate an AVFrame and set its fields to default values.
Definition: frame.c:97
pkt
AVPacket * pkt
Definition: movenc.c:59
avcodec_alloc_context3
AVCodecContext * avcodec_alloc_context3(const AVCodec *codec)
Allocate an AVCodecContext and set its fields to default values.
Definition: options.c:141
main
int main(int argc, char **argv)
Definition: encode_video.c:69
AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P
@ AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P
planar YUV 4:2:0, 12bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y samples)
Definition: pixfmt.h:66
f
#define f(width, name)
Definition: cbs_vp9.c:255
AV_CODEC_ID_H264
@ AV_CODEC_ID_H264
Definition: codec_id.h:77
NULL
#define NULL
Definition: coverity.c:32
avcodec_free_context
void avcodec_free_context(AVCodecContext **avctx)
Free the codec context and everything associated with it and write NULL to the provided pointer.
Definition: options.c:156
AVRational
Rational number (pair of numerator and denominator).
Definition: rational.h:58
avcodec_open2
int attribute_align_arg avcodec_open2(AVCodecContext *avctx, const AVCodec *codec, AVDictionary **options)
Initialize the AVCodecContext to use the given AVCodec.
Definition: avcodec.c:137
c
Undefined Behavior In the C some operations are like signed integer dereferencing freed accessing outside allocated Undefined Behavior must not occur in a C it is not safe even if the output of undefined operations is unused The unsafety may seem nit picking but Optimizing compilers have in fact optimized code on the assumption that no undefined Behavior occurs Optimizing code based on wrong assumptions can and has in some cases lead to effects beyond the output of computations The signed integer overflow problem in speed critical code Code which is highly optimized and works with signed integers sometimes has the problem that often the output of the computation does not c
Definition: undefined.txt:32
AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO
@ AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO
Definition: codec_id.h:51
AVPacket::size
int size
Definition: packet.h:374
av_err2str
#define av_err2str(errnum)
Convenience macro, the return value should be used only directly in function arguments but never stan...
Definition: error.h:121
printf
printf("static const uint8_t my_array[100] = {\n")
av_packet_alloc
AVPacket * av_packet_alloc(void)
Allocate an AVPacket and set its fields to default values.
Definition: avpacket.c:64
AVCodec::id
enum AVCodecID id
Definition: codec.h:216
encode
static void encode(AVCodecContext *enc_ctx, AVFrame *frame, AVPacket *pkt, FILE *outfile)
Definition: encode_video.c:39
i
#define i(width, name, range_min, range_max)
Definition: cbs_h2645.c:271
AVPacket::pts
int64_t pts
Presentation timestamp in AVStream->time_base units; the time at which the decompressed packet will b...
Definition: packet.h:366
avcodec_send_frame
int avcodec_send_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, const AVFrame *frame)
Supply a raw video or audio frame to the encoder.
Definition: encode.c:355
avcodec.h
ret
ret
Definition: filter_design.txt:187
frame
these buffered frames must be flushed immediately if a new input produces new the filter must not call request_frame to get more It must just process the frame or queue it The task of requesting more frames is left to the filter s request_frame method or the application If a filter has several the filter must be ready for frames arriving randomly on any input any filter with several inputs will most likely require some kind of queuing mechanism It is perfectly acceptable to have a limited queue and to drop frames when the inputs are too unbalanced request_frame For filters that do not use the this method is called when a frame is wanted on an output For a it should directly call filter_frame on the corresponding output For a if there are queued frames already one of these frames should be pushed If the filter should request a frame on one of its repeatedly until at least one frame has been pushed Return or at least make progress towards producing a frame
Definition: filter_design.txt:264
AVCodecContext
main external API structure.
Definition: avcodec.h:383
AVPacket
This structure stores compressed data.
Definition: packet.h:350
imgutils.h
AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO
@ AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO
preferred ID for MPEG-1/2 video decoding
Definition: codec_id.h:52
avcodec_find_encoder_by_name
const AVCodec * avcodec_find_encoder_by_name(const char *name)
Find a registered encoder with the specified name.
Definition: allcodecs.c:944